八世紀における「所」と令外官司 : 奉写御執経所と奉写一切経司の検討から
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概要
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The present paper investigates two sutra copying offices in eighth century Japan, the Hosha Goshyukyo-jo 奉写御執経所 and the Hosha Issaikyo-shi, 奉写一切経司 in order to show the relationship between the administrative office known as "tokoro" 所, which was not organized according to the ritsuryo system's four-grade structure, and extra-ritsuryo offices, or "tsukasa" 司, with four-grade structures. To begin with, the author confirms that the sutra copying "tokoro" had only one officer and explains that this is What the word essentially means as a "place, or specific spatial area" where sutras were copied. On the other hand, the sutra copying "tsukasa" had a four-grade bureaucratic structure, making it an extra-ritsuryo office with a ritsuryo-style organization. Then he shows that the former was actually transformed into the latter, establishing one example of a "tokoro" becoming a "tsukasa". Moreover, in preparation for this transformation, the officers of the sutra copying "tokoro" were given the status of lower bureaucrats in the Bureau of Central Affairs (Shinbu-sho 信部省) and were then made into top-grade officers in the Office of Archives (Zusho-ryo 図書寮). Furthermore, the author offers an example of the reverse process in the eighth century, by which a "tsukasa" became a "tokoro" in the case of the extra-ritsuryo Bureau of Edicts (Chokushi-sho 勅旨省). However, in the ninth century the bureaucratic mechanism Changed, as exemplified by the Kurodo-dokoro 蔵人所, which played a very important role as the imperial secretariat without having to be upgraded to an extra-ritsuryo "tsukasa" with a full blown ritsuryo-style organization.
- 1997-03-20