明代の新県設置と地域社会 : 福建〓州府寧洋県の場合
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概要
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Ning-Yang district was formed in December, 1566. The seat of government was built at Jixianli Dongxiyang (集賢里東西洋) in Long-Yan district (龍巌県). This paper examines the progress and significance of its formation. This region had previously suffered from wide-spread brigandage,against which territorial officials had to work out measures. Wen-Rui Wei (魏文瑞), a magistrate of Zhang-Ping district (〓平縣),conceived of a plan to form a new district as an effective countermeasure. On the basis of his plan, the territorial officials consulted inhabitants of Jixianli about the problem. Accordingly, the Cao brothers, Wen-Ye Cao (曹文〓) and Ming-Feng Cao (曹鳴鳳), both shengyuan (生員) of Long-Yan district, presented to the local government a petition for the formation of a new district, "Qing Jian Xian Yi (請建縣議)", on behalf of the inhabitants. In it, they strongly emphasized their wish for the restoration of order, and also for the social advancement of those who would join in economic cooperation in the course of its formation. When their petition was submitted, however, an opposition group appeared. The bureaucracy and inhabitants of the existing districts, opposing such a plan, requested an educate intendent circuit (提學道) to deprive the Cao brothers of their shengyuan titles. Eventually, the Caos' petition was granted by the government, and a new district was formed, but the brothers were deprived of their titles. Thus, the long-cherished wish of the inhabitants of Jixianli was finally fulfiled through their cooperation in building the new district city. Among all the sub-districts in the new district, they nearly monopolized all the advancements and privileges in their society. Just after the petition was granted, another opposition group started a campaign against the transfer of jurisdiction to the new district. This movement was solved politically five years later. But socially, the opponents would not be reconciled with the society of the new district until the end of the 17th century. In short, Ning-Yang district was formed by a one-sided movement of the Jixianli inhabitants to acquire their own district. But, on the other hand, their selfishness roused the repulsion of their neighbors. The formation of Ning-Yang district is considered to be a model case of the formation of districts in the middle and south China during the Ming Dynasty.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 1992-02-20