ビザンツ帝国における教会寄進と国家権力 : 五・六世紀の法制化をめぐって
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概要
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This article attempts to investigate the imperial legislation regarding donations to the Church in the Early Byzantine Empire and point out their social character. In the 5th and 6th centuries, the Byzantine government issued several edicts to control such donations, which were being rapidly accumulated through out this period. The aims of this system of legislation, which was finally established by Justinian (527-565), were first to make sure that religious institutions would be constructed, secondly that the revenue for such institutions would be secured, and finally that these religious institutions be organized within the intentions of the imperial administration. The results of the author's investigation are as follows. As to the construction of chapels or other related institutions, the Byzantine government established an administrative rule and operated it rigidly. Given a time limit, the Church organization was made responsible for the construction of every project under the supervision of the imperial administrative governors. If the project could not be completed on schedule, the provincial governors (proconsules) were to file a lawsuit against the benefactor or his family and to force them to contribute twice the initial amount of money proposed. The legislation also prescribed that all religious institutions should have guaranteed annual revenues. If the benefactor or his family wanted to keep the foundation as private property, they were to arrange the finances to cover the operational expenses in advance. The sources of such funds were supposed to be from landed property. Evidently, however, private benefactors were ordained to support the clergy of their private institutions through the payment of salaries. This way of supporting clergy by salary was the same as the case of the official churches. The Byzantine government tried to pull the clergy away from both the church properties and their relatives. They were prohibited from taking any profits through their financial privileges. And after their death their private properties were to be assigned to the church to which they had belonged. The Byzantine government thus tried to bring benefactors and their clergy strictly under its control so that they could not act as freely as Western European benefactors. And since the charitable institutions were in charge of public functions, they were put under very strict control. The Byzantine government was eager to put ecclesiastical property under its control with so many measures that the Church organization, including the private institutions mentioned above, seemed almost fully subjected to the imperial administrative and financial system.
- 1992-02-20
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