山門・室町幕府関係における山門使節の調停機能 : 山門関の過書遵行権をめぐって
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概要
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The present article is intended to clarify the raison d'etre of envoys, or delegates, called Sanmon-shisetu, who were affiliated with the two Japanese medieval oligarchs (kenmon 権門), the Muromachi Bakufu and Enryakuji 延暦寺 Temple, utilizing the concrete example of the involvement of these envoys in a dispute that occurred during the Bun'an era (1444 - 49) over Enryakuji's revocation of Nanzenji 南禅寺 Temple's permit of passage necessary for the latter's boats to trade on Lake Biwa. The author examines the question of how these envoys realized the wishes and interests of Enryakuji vis-a-vis powers with opposing interests. To begin with, one assumption in proceeding with such an analysis is to discern if in fact Sanmon-shisetsu had the right to deliver and enforce transit permits for the tariff stations controlled by Enryakuji in Omi Province. The author discovers that these envoys did have that right for Enryakuji stations, but non-Enryakuji facilities were controlled by the Rokkaku 六角 and Kyogoku 京極 families in the areas they administered as provincial constables (shugo 守護) appointed by the Muromachi Bakufu. Secondly, concerning the origin and resolution of the Nanzenji Incident, the author turns to the subject of Enryakuji's economic interests and the groups of monks who profited from tariffs levied at the station at Sakamoto 坂本 and who revoked the transit permits out of protest over an exemption given to Nanzenji's first five hundred boatloads of goods to pass through the station. Playing the leading role in resolving the dispute was Goshoin 護正院 Temple, an influential Sanmon-shisetu in economic affairs within and outside of Enryakuji. Goshoin's success in negotiating a settlement (a promise by Nanzenji to pay all tariffs in addition to gratitude money) was due to its close involvement in the economic affairs of Enryakuji monks. One more important factor in the settlement was Enryakuji's firm belief that the Sanmon-shisetsu would express its demands to Nanzenji and protect its interests. Therefore, the author concludes that those appointed Sanmon-shisetsu by no means acted in accordance with the Bakafu's wishes in opposition to Enryakuji, but also contributed to the interests of the latter in certain cases. While serving two opposing powers, the Sanmon-shisetsu was extremely sensitive and flexible towards the demands of both, acting as an intermediary between the two and perceived by both as indispensable to their political activities.
- 2004-08-20
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