南京国民政府におけるナショナル・シンボルの再編 : 青天白日満地紅旗をめぐって

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According to Henrietta Harrison, the identification of the symbols of the Chinese Nationalist Party with those of the Chinese nation was central to the success of the Northern 'Expedition. This expedition, in turn, can be seen in part as a victory for the new symbols, particularly images of Sun Yatsen as a national martyr and the national flag : "White Sun in a Blue Sky over a Crimson Ground" (WSBSCG). Although Sun's iconographic image had generally been recognized as an important national symbol from his death in 1925, the WSBSCG flag has been overlooked. This paper examines how the Nanjing Nationalist government established this new flag as a national symbol, from both the stand-points of legal and ideological regulations. The Nationalist government enacted various laws about the national flag "The National Emblem and National Flag of the Republic of China Act" (1928) aimed at the unification of the criteria for national flags "Procedures for Manufacturing and Using the Party Flags and the National Flags" (1931) and "Regulations for Manufacturing and Using the Party Flags and the National Flags" (1934) defined criteria for how to make and display these flags. "Procedures for Manufacturing and Selling the Party Flags and the National Flags" (1935) restricted the manufacture of party flags and national flags only to certified makers and aimed at bringing the management of flags under party control. Moreover, as ideological regulations, the Nationalist Party published an official government pamphlet "The Party Flag and the National Flag" (1929), which aimed to advertise its ideology, justify its government, and mobilize the people in its cause. To attain these goals, the pamphlet criticized the conventional Five Color national flag and connected the design of the WSBSCG flag to the official ideology of the Nationalist Party, the Three Principles of the People and the Party-State system. This was advertised in the popular lecture halls of every city, and national flag ceremonies held on anniversaries of the Revolution. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek) lectured on themes with the national flag and started the Rise-and-Fall National Flag part of the New Life Movement in 1934. The movement aimed to establish his status as the legitimate successor of Sun Yatsen, and mobilize the people politically into a better integrate nation. Although this reorganization of the national symbol aimed at justifying a party-state system peculiar to the Nationalist government, it was also influenced by the contemporaneous Soviet Union and Fascist regimes rising up during the 1930s.
2004-11-20

著者

小野寺史郎
東京大学大学院総合文化研究家

南京国民政府におけるナショナル・シンボルの再編 : 青天白日満地紅旗をめぐって

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