清末民国初期の日本人法律顧問 : 有賀長雄と副島義一の憲法構想と政治行動を中心として
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概要
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In the study of Chinese modern history, there had been a recent reevaluation of Republican China. Researchers are attaching importance to foreign advisors hired by the Chinese government. They have also eagerly researched Japanese advisors from the aspect of Chinese history. However, there is little analysis of the influence Japanese advisors had on diplomacy between China and Japan. Most of the previous research adopts monarchy or republic as a guideline, or regard Japanese advisors as brains behind the despotism of Yuan Shi-kai. This paper, adopts a new criterion, and analyzes Japanese advisors ARIGA Nagao and SOEGIMA Giichi who were involved with both Yuan Shin-kai and the southern power as legal advisors during the days of early Republican China. Based on this analysis, it will the author examines how the Chinese constitution design changed before and after the arrival of these two Japanese advisors and what kind of influence the design had on diplomacy. According to the analysis, ARIGA changed the constitutional design to adjust to conditions in China condition regardless of form of government. He constructed monarchy in which the monarch held a large amount of power in late imperial China, like the American type presidential system in the 1911 Revolution, and French type presidential system before the second revolution. After the revolution, he proposed the American type presidential system with more administrative power without impeachment. Although ARIGA supported Yuan Shi-kai during Yuan's imperialism movement, he look this action for the benefit of Japan. However, it is consistent that he designed an administration-oriented government. This is because ARIGA regarded stability in China's social order as important. He did not make any drastic reforms ; instead, he considered a strong administration necessary in order to maintain social order. Consequently, it became possible for ARIGA to approach the Genros. He made an another route for the Genros which was different from that of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As a result, he was opposed to the Foreign Minister, KATO Takaaki. SOEJIMA was a republican, while ARIGA insisted on monarchy. His consistent philosophy was a parliamentary system of government. He always aimed at a parliament-oriented state. However, as a fundamental conviction, he thought that Japan would solely rule China to keep peace. Therefore, for him, KATO's diplomatic policy seemed slack, so, SOEJIMA participated in an opposition movement. Based on the government designs of these two Japanese advisors, the diplomatic activities were carried out. In order to realize their ideals, each of them influenced the diplomacy between China and Japan in cooperation with different powers.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 2001-09-20