教会領寄進文書の研究
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概要
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This article studies documents dealing with land donations made in 1580 to the Society of Jesus in Nagasaki by Omura Sumitada and his son. The sources used are Spanish language historical documents stored in the Archives of the Society of Jesus in Rome, and the goal of this article is to recover the undiscovered original texts of these documents in Japanese. The first section includes a translation of the Spanish language documents, and the second section will provide an evaluation of these historical sources. We can believe that these Spanish language documents were, by their intrinsic force, transmitted to the Society of Jesus and represent copies of the original text, but in addition we can conceive of the existence of original copies of the original text that predate the Spanish language texts in the Archives in Rome. And so, the process of these sources' relationship would be from the original text to the original copy and onto the Spanish language copy in Rome. The author also has found that the form of the original copy can be recognized to have a strong affinity to medieval English documents on enfeoffment. In the third section of the article the author deeply analyzes the original documents and the copies of the original documents by clarifying the reality of the gifts donated and the act of donation. First, the inclusion of Nagasaki-machi village, Mogi village, and the black ships' anchorage dues (funakuji) among the things presented makes its clear that Omura had the feudal lord's authority over the articles given. Secondly, the author shows the non-existence of feudalistic rights and obligations between the Jesuits and Omura (excepting, of course, the conditions for retaining the donated property) by pointing out the changes in the contents of the presents, the nature of the donation, and the written contents of the original copy of the original documents. Such presents not only were not related to the feudal lord and retainer system but also clearly came under the influence of Buddhist law (Butsuda-ho), since they were given without the donor retaining any right of recovery. Thirdly, the Jesuits' acceptance of the gifts conferred upon them only two obligations -no delay in trade dealings and the possible payment of custom duties. Next, besides explaining that the conditions of ownership of the articles Omura presented are of "Immunitat", the author certifies that the Captain clauses in the original copy had been added onto what had already been written in "the abandonment of jurisdiction" and "roadside prohibition-edicts boards (seisatsu)" sections. Finally, the author clarifies the meaning of the only Portuguese word in the Spanish language documents now in Rome -the word "posse" -by means of a comparison with the Spanish landed property system called "the encomienda," and he ends this part of the essay by showing that the Society of Jesus actually was the lord of a fief, that is, the church land it owned in Nagasaki. The fourth section of the article tries to restore the original Japanese language text from which derived the now extant Spanish language documents. As this original text was like the "donation from" used at the establishment of the "Manor Estate Donations" in the late Heian period, the author assures us of the efficacy of the original Japanese language texts in the matter of kukai (公界) which can be thought to come from sotomeshu (外海衆). As regards the creation of an accepted version of the original documents, the Society of Jesus, we know, drafted one version in response to Omura's original proposal, and the original Japanese language documents, we can assume, were what Omura issued on the basis of these two written texts. And so, what follows below is a possible description of the process of the creation of the documents relating to land donation to the Society of Jesus in Nagasaki : a) Omura's proposal (the present was Nagasaki port and the thing retained was the black ships' anchorage fees)
- 1976-01-20