讃岐国金毘羅大芝居と門前町
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概要
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This paper aims to clarify the environmental characteristics of monzenmachi (門前町 temple towns) where theatrical performances were given. For this purpose the case of Kompira is dealt with, which was famous for the Kompira Shrine and the Kompira Oshibai (金毘羅大芝居 Kompira grand theater) in Sanuki Province. It was in 1835 that a permanent theater was built in Kompira. A close look at the development of this event reveals that the social foundations for the theater were prepared from the late 18th into the 19th Century. Behind this phenomenon was the syncretic Shinto sect of Kompira that had become very popular at the time. There are five environmental characteristics that realized the building of the permanent theater. First of all, the place named Kinzanjimachi was regarded as an "evil place". The theater and the pleasure quarters nearby produced the exciting and dangerous atmosphere of amusement. Secondly chaya (茶家 inns where guests can enjoy prostitutes), okiya (置屋 houses of prostitution), and hatagoya (旅籠屋 inns) made up the unique society there. The proprietors of chaya sometimes worked as teyoriyaku 手寄役, peace keepers in Monzenmachi. Yamotoya-Gen'emon and Kyutaro, the head of teyoriyaku, also belonged to a group gangsters in a certain sense. Their particular society and culture, as the third point, offer the key to understanding the Kompira Oshibai. Shukubagata (宿場方 a kind of town officer) imposed a business tax on chaya and okiya to raise the funds for theater performances. Both the teyori and the shukubagata played the role of promoter. The funds that the shukubagata controlled were, at the same time, guaranteed by wealthy merchants serving the feudal lord. There-fore, we should also pay attention to their economical activities, as the fourth point. The last important problem concerns the power of the feudal lord, but will be taken up a later paper. In conclusion, the permanent theater in Kompira was built, because it was needed by various groups of people in the temple town for various cultural and social reasons.
- 1997-10-20
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