Studies on Air Pollution due to Automotive Engines : On Mathematical Modeling

概要

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Pollutants are transported by air stream and diffused by eddy flow. The turbulent diffusion equation describing these phenomena is common to the case of diffusion of automobile exhaust and the case of smoke diffusion from stacks. The Gaussian plume model is available for the case of primary pollution where no chemical reaction is included. The model is easily applied when the parameters of the model can be determined by the meteorological conditions. However the diffusion equation should be solved numerically if the air flow is not uniform or the secondary pollution is included. In this case adequate estimation of diffusion coefficients is rather difficult. The characteristics of air pollution caused by automobiles are introduced in comparison with those of smoke from stacks. The concentration of carbon monoxide in a street canyon at various instants of traffic signals cycle is described. The three dimensional solutions of the diffusion equation in a region of a busy cross section of roads are compared with field survey. CO concentration in San Jose city is also worked out and the results are compared with those of Stanford Research Institute. Finally the method of analysis of secondary pollution including the formation of photochemical smog is discussed. Diurnal variation as well as the isopleths of pollutants in Tokyo urban district is worked out.
一般社団法人日本機械学会の論文