Improvement of Accuracy of Chromosome Aberration Analysis for Biological Radiation Dosimetry

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The frequency of chromosome aberrations in circulating lymphocytes is accepted as being the most reliable indicator of the absorbed dose of radiation. Researches done to improve the accuracy of cytogenetic analysis are described in this review. These include investigations of in vitro factors that affect the yield of radiation-induced aberrations and of in vivo factors that affect the chromosomal radiosensitivity of individuals. Improved chromosome-painting methods for accurate judgment of dicentrics and translocations are introduced. The practicality of these advanced cytogenetic techniques is shown by examinations of individuals exposed in the radiation accident at Tokaimura in 1999. INTRODUCTION Biological dosimetry based on chromosomal damage to peripheral blood lymphocytes after accidental overexposure to radiation was first performed in 1962 on victims of the Recuplex criticality accident in Hanford. It is now accepted as being the most reliable means of estimating the radiation dose. In view of the growing importance of cytogenetic analysis, in 1986 the IAEA established a practical standard methodology. This has served as a valuable laboratory manual and made clear that chromosome analysis is time-consuming work that requires expert skills.
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