Cancers other than Leukemia

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The full measure of radiation induced carcinogenesis among A-bomb survivors remains unknown and will require many years of careful monitoring. However, for at least three solid tumor types (thyroid, breast, lung) there is now good evidence of dose relationship in the population of A-bomb survivors, and very probably other tumors will be identified. Preliminary data already exist for salivary gland carcinoma and stomach carcinoma. In each case it appears that all major cell types may be involved. Estimates of absolute risk are similar for the three established solid tumor effects. The effect of age ATB on the magnitude of the effect may not be known for some time, but for breast and lung cancer, at least, it appears that the augmented risk follows closely the normal age incidence pattern with no important acceleration of appearance at younger ages when these tumors do not normally appear. Dose-response relationships appear to be approximately linear for breast and lung, with RBE values for neutrons expected to be in the region of one to three, but further observations and deeper analysis will be required before dose-response models can be specified with confidence. For thyroid cancer the available evidence is much less conclusive. In comparison with data originating in therapeutic X-ray regimens, with a characteristically lower dose-rate, estimates of the absolute risk associated with the single exposure of A-bomb survivors are superficially similar but conclusions as to the effect of dose-rate can hardly be drawn without firmer information on the RBE for neutrons and re-estimation of the values for A-bomb survivors in terms of tissue dose. Although uncertainties predominate still, there is nevertheless reason to expect that the work of the next decade or two will see many of them resolved, first by the larger number of cases ascertainable from the monitored experience of the A-bomb survivors, second, from improvements in the scope and quality of the data that should accompany the re-organization of the research at ABCC under a Japanese Foundation, and, third, from a more sophisticated approach to the collection and analysis of the human data growing out of a closer integration of epidemiologic investigations on man with experimental work.
日本放射線影響学会の論文

Cancers other than Leukemia

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