癌とその治療 : 産婦人科学的観点より

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Life phenomena have been studied scientifically for more than 160 years. Meanwhile many excellent technology and methodology which human race created have been used in the field of medicine. Analytical research for the constitution of life and impediments to life has remarkably advanced. Pathophysiology of many diseases has been clarified and reasonable and effective treatment for disorders has been organized. Many disorders which showed high mortality in the past are now listed as one of minor diseases in the textbook. However, the disease which cause is unclear and which deprives human race of life still exists. That is "CANCER". The society of medicine devotes the greatest energies to abolish the cancer. I am going to talk about the physiological characteristics of "the cancer in human race" from the gynecological standpoints and to present some facts of studies about the therapy for cancer in our department. I. Evolution of human and cancer 1. Life of species and life of individuals In the development from uni-nuclear cell creature to multicellular entity, to give new generation sexual reproduction was out-lasted for the adaptation to environment advantageously after the spread out of mutant gene in this entity. With this evolution, a living creature divided its cells into two types. One is somatic cells which would die in certain period and the other is germ cells which would not die on principle in good environment. In short well evolved living entity clearly established individual life span for the first time and its constitutent, that is, somatic cells demonstrated "AGEING" phenomena regulating life span. Ageing is regulated by the passage of individual biological clock. Biological clock all consist of chemical reaction and is controlled by higher mechanism, "homeostasis". Interpretation of homeostasis is clearly and gradually recognized in feedback switch as chemical reaction, hormonal control and immune system. Ageing makes controlling ability waning. Then life span of human race is compared with those of other mammals. Life span of the mammal basically has good correlation with averaged body weight of each species and body weight is regulated by the half-life of proteins which organizes the somatic body. According to this rule, the life span of human race (the averaged body weight; 50〜60kg) is to be 40 years. Mostly evolved human race obtained strong adaptability to the changes of environment and elongated life span exceptionally. Incidentally there is another rule. The number of births given at a time has reverse correlation with its life span. This regulation seems to be naturally accomplished through evolution to control the number of each species living on the earth. 2. Ageing and Carcinogenesis Interestingly, even in the mammals with certain life span mutation of somatic cells demonstrates undifferentiation to the primary cells or reverse differentiation. When these mutant cells are allowed to grow to the certain amount in the "individual", these cells are called "tumor" and turns out to be "cancer" when those threaten the life. It is thought that mutation of cell takes place in repairing and synthesizing DNA but man has indefinite chances for mutation, which is enhanced by the contact of carcinogenic agents. However the canceration of the cell does not always mean the canceration of the individual because the cancerized cells are expelled by the mechanism of "homeostasis". Cancer cells are attacked, destroyed and ruined by immune cells. Indefinite cell multiplication is also prohibited by unknown mechanism which regulates the number of cells in certain organ or tissue. In conclusion the elongation of life span of human race, which is against the rule and the principle controlling the life span of mammals, has been accomplished by the scientific development of medicine and overcoming life threatening factors. Ageing and senility of somatic cells result in a warp of gene stabilizing system and the concomitant b
社団法人日本産科婦人科学会の論文
1988-08-01

癌とその治療 : 産婦人科学的観点より

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