災害下位文化の比較文化的考察 : メキシコ大地震を素材として
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概要
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In this paper, I deal with the topic on a big earthquake which hit Mexico-City in 1985 because I was a member of the investigation commission. Here I make a comparative study between this Mexico-City case and other cases of earthquake. The important differences are as follows:1. Compared with Tangshan Earthquake in China which killed 240,000 people or a recent tragic incident, Armenian Earthquake in the U.S. S. R. (the missing are estimated at tens of thousands), the number of casualty in the Mexican case was relatively small. This comparative difference in the degree of damages done by the earthquake was due to the timing of its occurrence: the Tangshan Earthquake occurred about 3:40 a.m. before dawn; The Armenian Earthquake occurred approximately 11:40 a.m. when most of people were at work. And the Mexican case occurred at 7:18 a.m..2. In Mexican case, a large number of fire estimated about 350 of them broke out because of the use of fire in the kitchen for breakfast. However, a fire did not spread out and most of them were put out immediate after the collapse of buildings, since most of the houses in Mexico-City were made of nonflammable materials like stones or bricks. On the other hand, in Japan, thought the number of reinforced concrete buildings have been greatly increased since the day when a big earthquake hit the Kanto Plain some 60 years ago and caused a big fire to kill so many people, a majority of the buildings in Tokyo are still made of wood which is very vulnerable in case of fire. This evidence, therefore, suggests that there is a high probability that another big earthquake could cripple Tokyo again in near future.3. In Mexican csee, although it happened during a rush hours in the morning and some degree of traffic confusion could have been expected, fortunately there was no panic whatsoever: three reasons can be considered for this ; First, the radial main streets were not destroyed. Secondly, the roads connected to the main street are alternately one-way and the traffic is strictly regulated by the transit authority. Thirdly, since it was a commuter's hour, the traffic was running mainly to the same direction.4. So many people, especially high-school as well as college students with their good will volunteered to help the rescue operations (volunteer-oriented operations) unlike the Japanese case which the authority organized the main core of the rescue operation, or the Italian case which such public organizations as the Red Cross, churches and labour unions played a major role in the resucue operation.5. Broadcasting network was not damaged at all so that they could minimize the panicy situation as a result of information blackout providing enough guide lines to evacuate the injured and lost from the rubble to the nearest safe place.6. There were such criminal cases as racketeering and price-fixing reported : quite a few petty local businessmen took advantage of this national emergency by deliberately withholding supplies of vital comoditie, e. g., food and raising prices in order to make unreasonable profit. Mexican government, however, successfully managed to maintain enough supply from the suburban production area intervening its distribution system in order to avoid an economic panic.
- 聖学院大学の論文
- 1988-12-30
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