賞罰と学習 : 特に診断性向性別集団において
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概要
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This study was conducted for purpose of finding out the relations of reward-punishment and learning especially from the standpoint of diagnostics for intro-extro version. The version consists of five independent traits, namely: social, thinking, depression (inferiority complex), rhathymia and cycloid tendencies. In this particular experiment, three traits were used : social, depression and rhathymia. Procedure : This experiment was carried out with the pupils of Hayama Public Junior School in Kanagawa Prefeeture. First the pupils (N-657) were asked to answer the intro-extro version questionnaire. Based on The results of the test three groups were selected : introversion (N-79), extroversion (N-75), each including three traits, and normal (N-47). Then these pupils were instructed to work at a simple addition test as fast and accurately as possible for six days 10 minutes each. on the fourth day, on one group the names of the pupils were publicly shown at the school, and the pupils were praised for their performance. The members of the second group were not only reproved but also were publicly shown at the school for their inferior performance. The third group worked without any particular incentive as a control group. Of course, these three groups were formed at random, and they received praise and reprimand irrespective of their actual achievements. On the fifth day the experiment was carried out in the same manner. On the sixth day the first group was told that their members had good characters. The second group was told that their members had undesirable characters, and their names were given public notice. Results : The amount of performance for each group was recorded and was compared with that of the other groups. Findings from the results are as follows : In introversion: In both social and rhathmyia introversion, the control groups show the most satisfactory improvement ; the praised groups show improvement, ; and the reprimanded groups do not show even their original achievement and turn to worse. In depression type, the praised group shows the most satisfactory improvement ; next comes the control group, while the reprimanded group receded. (Tables 2〜4, 6〜8 and Fig. 1,2). In extroversion : In rhathymia extroversion, the reprimanded group shows, an improvement ; next comes the praised group, and last the: control group. In social extroversion and depression extnroversion, both the praised groups and the reproved groups show an improvement. Taken all together, in introversion the most effective incentive is to be praised, the worst is to be reproved. In extroversion, the praised group, the reproved and the control group all show improvement and there is hardly any difference between the three groups. Generally speaking, the introversion groups show more improvement than extroversion groups with or without incentive, When reproved, the introversion groups show worse performance as compared to the extroversion groups.
- 日本教育心理学会の論文
- 1956-06-30