グッピーにおける摂食行動の社会的促進 : I 社会的促進現象の確認
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A preliminary experiment in the social facilitation of the feeding behavior of the guppy, Poecilia (Lebistes) reticulata PETERS is reported. Before the experiment, single or grouped (2 or 4 individuals) fish were placed in a basket without food for at least 24 hrs. and the transferred to an experimental basket where they were maintained quietly for at least 3 hrs. At the begining of the experiment, 120 individuals of Daphnia pulex LEYDIG (0.85〜1.00mm) per fish were thrown into the basket. The feeding rates of the guppies were shown by the numbers of Daphnia eaten during the experimental period of 2 hrs. The results obtained are as follows : 1. A clear social facilitation phenomenon of feeding behavior was observed, that is, significant differences were observed among 1,2-and 4-grouped fish in the feeding rates per individual and per 100mg body weight. 2. The female ate more than the male in all cases, although the difference was not fully ascertained statistically. 3. In order to show the social facilitation in feeding increments in the grouped fish a new index, the Facilitation Rate (FR), was considered. This was calculated by (GF-IF)×100/IF. in which, GF is the mean amount of food eaten by a grouped fish and IF is that eaten by an isolated fish. In this experiment, the FR in 2-and 4-grouped guppies were 8.4 and 22.5 percent respectively. 4. Several descriptions on the same phenomenon have been reported for several other species, which suggest that this phenomenon is generally observed in schooling fish species. 5. In this paper, an inclusive definition on the social facilitation in animals is proposed and, then two or three hypothetical courses introduced through which the social facilitation is induced- 'the presence recognition effect' resulted from the simple recognition of the existence of the companion and the feeding behavior recognition effect' induced through the same feeding behavior of the companion which are 'the companion recognition effect', and 'the learning effect' by imitation or learning.
- 1971-05-31
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