リンゴワタムシ個体群の増殖におよぼす寄生バチの影響 : 圃場における昆虫群集の研究XVII
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概要
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The woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigera HAUSMANN, is one of the most important pests of the apple tree in Japan. This insect attacks the roots as well as the upper parts of the trees. Above the ground it is found mainly on the trunks, limbs, and twigs in wounds caused by pruning or cultivating implements, and wherever the bark is tender. Occasionally, the aphid forms colonies on the fruit stems and in the calyx ends of apples. Facing the biggest infestation mentioned above by the said insects, it was necessary to have introduced into apple cultivation the strenuous parasite, Aphelinus mali HALDEMAN, in order to regulate the aphid populations. After the application practice of this parasite, it became of minor importance up to about 1946 when they began to use DDT and parathion in general to control the various pests in the orchard. For several years in the past, however many reports have claimed a tremendous increase in the infestations of the aphid in these orchards sprayed with DDT. This increase has been attributed in most instances to the destruction of the building of the parasite population. From the above reason, it is desirable to explain the relation between the two species of the host and parasite. In the present article, an account is given of the investigation largely carried out in 1956〜57 on their bionomics of the interaction under natural conditions, the results of which are compared with those recorded in an orchard applied with DDT. 1. Observations under the fluctuating environmental conditions in the net house during the course of parasitism over a period showed that at first Aphelinus parasites came from places where they had completely situated to each other, and parasitized to Eriosoma aphids which had just began to develop the population growth. Then when some of the aphid population migrate seeking another twig and to avoid enemies, Aphelinus also soon pursue them successively.
- 1960-02-01
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