近代日本における身体の「政治学」のために-明治・大正期の女子中等学校の服装を手がかりとして-

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Clothes are the product of the culture of a society, and reflect the ethos of the society, so big changes in clothes indicate changes in the traditional values and relations in that society. In Japan, people experienced such changes in clothes in the Meiji and Taisho eras. Western-style uniforms were adopted by boys' secondary schools in the middle of the Meiji era and have not changed since. The clothes of girls' secondary schools continued to change many times during the Meiji and Taisho eras. The purpose of this paper is to pursue the causes of changes in clothes in girl's secondary schools, and to make clear what kind of influences they had on students through school uniforms. Findings are as follows. Firstly, modernization affected the change in girl's clothes. The Sino-Japanese War and the spread of tuberculosis in Japan, which occurred in the process of modernization, made the rulers notice the importance of health and hygiene of a nation. So the rulers encouraged physical education in schools and recommended students to observe the rules of health. Then the clothes of girls' schools were altered to allow freedom of movement. The bodies of the people came under the control of a modern nation. Secondly, patriarchy also had influences on the change in girl's clothes. The traditional patriarchy compromised with modernization and survived as a renewed patriarchy. This complicated compromise brought them many changes from Japanese clothes to bustles, hakamas and sailor blouses. Thirdly, the means of management of students changed from the binding of the human-body to observation. As the nation was modernized, women's sashes, which had made them inactive, were abandoned and the binding of the human-body was loosened. But the observation of girls was strengthened through school clothes. Continuous eyes on girl's uniforms imposed the desired norms and values of the modern nation on them.
日本教育社会学会の論文
1997-05-15

近代日本における身体の「政治学」のために-明治・大正期の女子中等学校の服装を手がかりとして-

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