綜合人類學における方法論 : 文化と文明の解剖学的な『座』に関連して

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概要

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• Inasmuch as anthropology is a science, anthropologists are in need of distinguishing epistemology from ontology. The object of cognition of anthropologists is the dynamic process of regulation of the phenomena of life themselves, between man (organic and historic) and his environment (natural and cultural). Accordingly anthropologists must take precautions against historical realism which tends to treat an object as an absolute static reality. On the other hand, anthropologists can see that man is function of two variables, namely, human organism and culture, in contrast to "culturologists" who are apt to treat culture in its own terms. From this view-point, the author criticizes the scheme of cultural development offered by Steward. Steward's tendency to regard pattern or trait (on which Steward's scheme of cultural development is founded) as fixed realites, is criticized. In the author's opinion, culture in a broad sense must be divided into culture in a narrow sense, that is, irrational, emotional, and super-rational cultural goods (especially art, mythology etc.) on the one hand, and cosmopolitan, rational, logical and technological civilization goods on the other. Anatomically, "cortex" plays an essential role in producing civilization goods, while "thalamus" does as much for the production of cultural goods. The enormous expansion of surface of "cortex" in contrast to the reduction of "thalamus" is found in the process of development of the cerebrum. This shows anatomically the process in which civilization predominates over culture. Although Steward leaves out these elements which give uniqueness to the trait as being variable and secondary, those elements have to be regarded as the truly cultural ones. Thereupon, Steward's scheme is merely that of the development of civilization. Emotion is formed by primitive sensation which is produced while blood including hormones and other substances is flowing through the nuclear groups of the thalamus. Every race has different quantities of hormones. Therefore it is impossible to deny differences in the quality of emotions. Thus cultures in the narrow sense must be differed from each other according to racial differences, although such differences may be minimized with the development of the human cerebrum and human civilisation.

• 日本文化人類学会の論文
• 1951-03-15

著者

• 西村 朝日太郎

  早稲田大学

• 西村 朝日太郎

  日本民族学協会

関連論文

• 馬大人と『土籠(もぐら)叩き』(馬淵東一教授を悼む)
• 巨星墜つ(岡正雄教授追悼)
• 医学人類学 Medical Anthropology の視点よりみたプラシーボーの効果
• 第14回太平洋学術会議について
• 生きていた漁具の化石 : 台湾,澎湖島を訪ねる
• 生きている漁具の化石 : 沖縄宮古群島におけるkakiの研究
• B-1-3 : 理論と方法 : 民族学
• Prof. Wilhelm Emil MUHLMANN, Homo Creator, Abhandlungen zur Soziologie, Anthropologie u, Ethnologie, Wiesbaden : Otto Harrassowitz, 1962, vi+481ps, ミュールマン教授の最近に於ける学問的給付, 特に『創造人』を中心として
• (6) バリ, 東ジャワの漁撈形態(第 2 次東南アジア稲作民族文化総合調査概要)
• カキハン団体の文化人類学的考察
• カキハン団体の文化人類学的考察
• 聖庇現象の文化人類学的考察 : 特にトゥル・ハールの"マル複合"と"アール"説との関連を中心として
• 棚瀬襄爾著, 『文化人類学』, アテネ新書, 第 28 冊, 1950 年 11 月, 弘文堂発行, B6 判, 6+192 頁, 170 円
• 綜合人類學における方法論 : 文化と文明の解剖学的な『座』に関連して
• ソヴェト人類學界の近況
• 漁業権の原初形態 : インドネシアを中心として
• 漁具の生ける化石,石干見の法的関係

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