インド, グジヤラート州南部における水稲3期作成立のための栽培学的研究
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概要
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Studies on paddy triple cropping were carried out between 1968 and 1971 at Surat A.E.C. (20°10'N., 72°20'E.) in the northern tropical area of India (Figs. 1 and 2). 1. From the results of Rabi culture (1968) by using Formosa-3 that is the earliest variety in the area on paddy triple cropping, it was proved that the bottleneck is the damage from low temperature at reductive division and flowering stages (Table 2 and Fig. 3). To solve the problem, two methods were examined ; one is to introduce earlier varieties than Formosa-3 in Rabi culture ; the other is to hasten the heading of Formosa-3 by earlier transplanting in Rabi culuture. The former is as follows; 1st cropping, customary Kharif paddy ; 2nd, Rabi paddy by introducing earlier varieties ; and 3rd, Summer paddy. (paddy triple cropping A). The latter is as follows ; lst cropping, Kharif. paddy by hastening both sowing and transplanting one month ; 2nd, Rabi paddy by hastening transplanting one month ; and 3rd, Summer paddy. (Paddy triple cropping B). 2. By earlier transplanting 3 weeks, the heading of Formosa-3 was hastened about 20 days. This suggested the possibility of one month earlier transplanting (Table 3). 3. By earlier transplanting one month, the heading of Formosa-3 was hastened about 40 days. In the end, it was proved that paddy triple cropping only by Formosa-3 is possible (Table 4). 4. On paddy triple cropping, Honenwase is better than standard variety of Formosa-3 ; because more unhulled rice yield (8,012 kg. per ha) was gained, and the heading time was earlier a week (Table 5). 5. Compared with standard variety of Formosa-3, Cavary got increase yield of 40% in medium fertilizer, 29% in high fertilizer, and the heading was the same, so Cavary is the best variety (Fig. 4). 6. Compared with non-compost fertilizers, the application of compost from paddy straw (10t. per ha) in each cropping got unhulled rice increase yield of about 15-20% (Table 6). 7. Results of 1st (Kharif, 2nd (Rabi) and 3rd (Summer) croppings are shown in the Table 7. Table 8, which picks up marks in Table 7 shows how much unhulled rice yield was gained in each cropping on paddy triple cropping. The total unhulled rice yield of paddy triple cropping A was 18,732 kg/ha, the items were 7,099 kg/ha by Formosa-3 at Kharif paddy, 3,162 kg/ha by Koshihikari at Rabi paddy, and 8,471 kg/ha by Cavary at Summer paddy. The total unhulled rice yield of paddy triple cropping B was 20,495 kg/ha : the items were 6,921kg/ha by Formosa-3 at Kharif paddy, 5,103 kg/ha by Formosa-3 at Rabi paddy, and 8,471 kg/ha by Cavary at Summer paddy. Compared with total unhulled rice yield of paddy triple cropping A, B got increase yield of about 9%. Moreover, the transplanting and heading in the Rabi paddy of B were more stable than that of A. From the above results, the author considers that paddy triple cropping B is more profitable than A. On the growing periods of nursery bed and paddy field in each cropping on paddy triple cropping A and B, the systematic graph of cultivation was gained as Fig. 5. Notes : In Japan, one year is divided into 4 seasons of Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter ; but in tropical area of India, into 3 seasons of Kharif (Jun.-Sept.), Rabi (Oct.-Jan.) and Summer (Feb.-May).
- 日本作物学会の論文
- 1986-06-05
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