MINERALOGY OF RED- AND YELLOW-COLORED SOILS FROM THAILAND
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概要
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Samples from profiles of 14 Ultisols, 2 Oxisols, and 1 Inceptisol from Thailand have been investigated for mineralogy and some chemical and physical characteristics. the soils were generally strongly acid in reaction with pH_<KCl> values at around 4, with the exception of profile T-13 which was nearly neutral with relatively large amounts of exchangeable Ca and Mg. Organic matter content was low in general (<0.5% of fine-earth), except for some surface horizon samples (1-6%). Particle-size distribution varied widely with profiles depending apparently on the type of parent materials, and also with the depth of horizons within each profile probably as a result of eluviation and illuviation, as well as loss by surface runoff, of the clay materials. In general, the soils derived from old alluvium were sandy, those from granitic rocks were moderately so, and those from basaltic rocks and mixed residuum and colluvium were moderately so, and those from basaltic rocks and mixed residuum and colluvium were clayey, in texture. It was noted also that the silt content was generally very low as compared with Korean Ultisols and Alfisols studied previously, indicating the difference of weathering intensity between humid tropical and humid temperate regions. The sands (2-0.02 mm) were composed almost entirely of quartz, except for those from profiles which were relatively young and contained weatherable minerals such as feldspars and micas in measurable amounts (T-8, T-9, and T-11). The silts (0.02-0.002 mm) were also quartziferous, except for those from profile T-6 which contained hematite, instead of quartz, as the major component and kennedyite, instead of anatase which was found in all the other profiles, as an accessory mineral. The presence of kennedyite in this profile indicates probably the lithological peculiarity of parent rock (basaltic lava). Other accessory minerals found or suspected were hematite, goethite, magnetite, maghemite, rutile, ilmenite, tourmaline, and sphene. The clays (2 m) were almost kaolinitic, with kaolinite alone (in 12 profiles), kaolinite plus kaolinite-smectite mineral (3 profiles), or kaolinite plus gibbsite or halloysite (2 profiles), as predominant minerals. The kaolinite-smectite mineral, which was most abundant in profile T-4, appeared as very fine and electron-thin, hexagonal plates and was considered as a product of far-advanced stage of kaolinitization from smectite. Most abundant of the accessory components were free (DCB-extractable) iron oxides, whose content varied with profiles from 1 to 18%, reflecting probably the lithological nature of parent materials. It was suggested from the results of differential X-ray diffraction (DXRD) that the free iron oxides were composed largely of hematite and goethite. Other accessory components included smectite, vermiculite, chlorite, illite, and their pedogenetical derivatives such as intergrades and mixed layers, and quartz.
著者
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Kato Y
Faculty Of Agriculture Shizuoka University
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Kato Yoshiro
Faculty Of Agriculture Shizuoka University
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Nakai M
National Institute For Agro-environmental Sciences
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Yoshinaga Naganori
Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University
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NAKAI Makoto
Faculty of Agriculture
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Yoshinaga N
Ehime Univ. Matsuyama Jpn
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Yoshinaga Naganori
Faculty Of Agriculture
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