TOXICITY OF CATIONIC POLYMER FLOCCULANTS TO HIGHER PLANTS : I. Seedling Assay

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Forty four commercial products of synthetic polymer flocculants were screened for phytotoxicity using the turnip root assay. Of all the flocculants tested, only the cationic ones inhibited root elongation of turnip (Brassica rapa L.) at a concentration of less than 25 mg/liter. Acrylamide monomer and some amines showed slight or no toxicity. Critical concentrations of the cationic flocculants which inhibited the elongation of turnip roots to 50% of that of control plant (EC_<50>) ranged from 3.3 to 210 mg/liter. The EC_<50> values were negatively correlated to the anion exchange capacity of the flocculants (r=-0.92, p<0.001). Similar relationships were observed for the root elongation of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr.) and rape (Brassica rapa L.). Using the most toxic flocculant (No. 19, with an anion exchange capacity of 3.99 me/g) to turnip root elongation, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) were tested additionally. Among the 7 plant species, sesame, turnip, Chinese cabbage, and rape were sensitive and monocotyledonous wheat and rice were less sensitive. When cationic flocculants (Nos. 2 and 4 with anion exchange capacities of 0.97 and 3.18 me/g, respectively) were enclosed in a cellulose tube, the reagents did not affect the turnip root elongation. Moreover, purified flocculant-2 was more toxic than the original one. These results clearly indicate that the toxicity of cationic flocculants to higher plants is never caused by the contamination of low molecular weight substances, but is caused by the presence of cationic residues in the flocculants.
社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文

TOXICITY OF CATIONIC POLYMER FLOCCULANTS TO HIGHER PLANTS : I. Seedling Assay

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