METHOD OF JUDGING COPPER DEFICIENCY FROM THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUBLE COPPER IN SOILS AND THE COPPER: IRON RATIO IN WHEAT PLANTS

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With the increasing acreage of wheat in Hokkaido, Cu deficiency has become a problem in various parts of Hokkaido since 1979. Cu deficiency was found in some brown forest soils, peat soils and andosols, whose total Cu concentration ranged from 5.5 to 22 ppm. Sterility of wheat plants was seen in soils whose soluble Cu concentration (soil : 0.1 _N HCl ratio, 1 : 5) was lower than 0.15 ppm (mineral soils) or 0.2-0.25 ppm (peat soils). No clear relationship was observed between the humus content and concentration of soluble Cu. It was difficult to determine Cu deficiency from the concentration of Cu in the tops of wheat plants. On the other hand, it was found that wheat plants deficient in Cu tended to have a high concentration of Fe. The Cu : Fe ratio in all wheat plants which were made sterile through Cu deficiency was 0.003 to 0.01, whereas the same ratio in fructified wheat plants was mostly 0.01 to 0.1. Thus, the Cu : Fe ratio in wheat plants can serve as a useful parameter in judging whether or not wheat plants are deficient in copper. In the ear sprouting period, Cu-deficient wheat plants were almost equal in starch concentration to normal wheat plants, but the former were markedly lower total sugar concentration than the latter.
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