一八六三年大学令の制定過程 : 教授団の自律性の問題に注目して

概要

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The aim of this paper is to study the reform process of the Imperial University Statute in the middle of the 1 9th century, focusing on the symbiotic relationship between the Ministry of Public Instruction (MNP) and the professorate. The central principle of this reform was the autonomy of the professorate for which the University Statute of 1 804 was cited as precedent. Along with verifying this, this paper examines the following three points: (1) the reform of the universities in 1 863 was done on the condition that the government, which preferred specialized education, acknowledge general education as an important state policy. (2) The MNP was willing to encourage corporative activity of the professorate through various corporative rights and status incentives, in order to push their general education policy. (3) The professorate, in turn, requested, and was granted, a guarantee of the corporative rights and status to heighten their dignity as a corporation for promoting "civic education." This manifestation of the autonomy of the professorate, as examined through the above 3 points, meant state affirmation of the corporative rights of the professorate, rather than independence of universities from governmental control. As a result, the new statute raised the status of the professorate, and served as the basis for subsequent development of Russian universities.
2004-11-10