ThoreauとEmersonの類似と異質 : 自然と社会について
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In this paper, I attempted to clarify similarities and differences as seen between Thoreau and Emerson with special reference to their common theme, that is, nature and society. Apparently they were not only contemporary transcendentalists but also had an enormous amount of their own writings and journals. But their most substantial similarity can be located in their search for nature;that is, they tried to find the universal existence behind matter by placing themselves in harmony with nature. On the one hand, by analogizing the final correspondence between nature and spirit, Emerson could attain the ideation by means of matter. Because he used matter as symbols of his passion, he succeeded in conforming things to his thoughts so that he might integrate nature, God and man. On the other hand, although Thoreau had a firm belief in existence of divinity in man, he failed to find the ideation by means of matter. However, Thoreau recognized the various phases of nature more definitely than Emerson. Eventuallyj came to the conclusion that the central difference between their thoughts lay in a way of searching nature. Taking critical attitudes toward conservatism prevailing in the then society, Thoreau and Emerson insisted on individualism, that is, the greater im-portance of the individual than society. Both of them keenly reacted to the contemporary society. Owing to his Conviction of the boundless progress of the individual and the notion of scientific progress, Emerson could not only consider evil as something transient, but also accept the realities of society such as the State, the state government, and the Negro slavery. On the other hand, Thoreau could never accept the existing governrnent, the State and the Negro slavery involving the social evil as a civil government, and explicated his rebellious mind based on his conscience and justice of the individual against the formalism in his society. Finally, Emerson took an affirmative attitude toward the American society of which he tried to forsee the future. For Thoreau's own partas he could never overlook any social evil, he seriously took part in the antislavery movement. Gathering these facts together, I could make it clear that Thoreau's views about society was more radical than Emerson's. Furthermore, Thoreau persisted in his self-reliant attitude, and he tried hard to carry it more deeply in his everyday life than Emerson,
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