世界と「私」との対話 : Emily Dickinson と Ralph Waldo Emerson
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概要
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Emily Dickinson and Ralph Waldo Emerson seem to have little in common. The former seeks to create a world that is as tight and compact as a pearl, whereas the latter makes a world that is large and ever-enlarging as that of Walt Whitman. Yet underneath they have something important in common. That is their use of language. Emerson says we should have "an original relation to the universe." Dickinson does not particularly seem to say that aloud, but that is what she practically does in her poems. Her world is filled with such relationships between a small individual and a bigger World. However, almost always that supposed-to-be small individual becomes inflated and becomes as big as the World because she decides to face it and faces it. "Life is our dictionary" is what Emerson says, and he points out that we should learn "grammar" in life. How about Dickinson? She does not say, "Let's make some grammar, " but that is what she does in, for example, "Many a phrase has the English language -/ I have heard but one." Dickinson is also interested in making her own grammar. It seems that both Emerson and Dickinson are intent upon creating a kind of movable or removable "form, " "design, " or "grammar, " "syntax, " or "house" rather than what seems more obviously a "content" of that frame of form, design, grammar, syntax, and house. Through this kind of artifact, both Emerson and Dickinson are able to wrap up the fleeting reality and can unfold it later so that it remains "fleeting." Because both seek for the purpose of writing, that is a way of seeing, that is a way of using language, and that is metaphor, not in the destination but in the process of going, their world can be active and their relation to the World can remain valid, live. And finally this persistence in creating a form and keen interest in the importance of language are seen also in 'our twentieth century critical sphere, such as New Criticism, structuralism, and deconstruction, the investigation of which makes it clear that Emily Dickinson and Ralph Waldo Emerson do not only live in the nineteenth century world alone, but the interest we have is shared by them in the everlasting creation of a relation between Me and the World in the twentieth century, us.
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