イギリスにおける近代都市形成の基点 : 前期スチアート朝期のマンチェスター
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概要
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It is said that English towns which once declined in the fifteenth century were beginning to develop again in the seventeenth century and their development continued to the Industrial Revolution. Therefore, the seven-teenth century was the starting point of modern English towns. In this article, it is intended to investigate the significance of English towns in her national economy and their economic structure in the early seventeenth century. For this purpose, the town of Manchester, which was an industrial "new town" like Halifax and would be the industrial centre in the world during the Industrial Revolution, is surveyed in this article. The Court Leet Records of the Manor of Manchester (CLR) and wills and inventries of citizens of substance who appeared in the CLR are used as original sources to investigate the econom functions of the town of Manchester. The following points are concluded from the investigation. Firstly, judging from the occupational distribution in the CLR, persons who took a ruling role in this town were merchants such as drapers, chapmen, and mercers, and then this town might be the commercial centre of this area. Secondly, social functons such as judical or educational services were another feature of this town. These functions reflected that there were some lawyers or innkeepers among the ruling citizens in CLR. Thirdly, judging from the wills and inventries these merchants left, although they collected some lands as basis for their financial activity, they depended upon commercial activity mainly consisted of supplying cheap consumer goods to the area around Manchester where rural industries developed. Judging from these points, it is concluded that Manchester in the early seventeenth century began to develop as the commercial centre of this area in the same way as other major English towns. However, differing from other towns which appeared in the medieval age, the commercial activity of this town was based upon supplying necessities and cheap consumer goods to the rural area around this town. The rural industries around Manchester which was hauled by small producers progressed without any restrctions of the gilds or medieval towns and they generated the modern industrial capital in England. Before the Industrial Revolution, it is possible to say that the town of Manchester served as the commercial centre to the rural ecomomy, and it seems that the industrial development of this town in the eighteenth century was due to this ecomonic structuture based upon the development of the rural economy.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1985-09-15
著者
関連論文
- 楠井敏朗著, 『大塚久雄論』, 日本経済評論社, 2008年1月, 364頁, 4,830円
- 馬場哲・小野塚知二編, 『西洋経済史学』, 東京大学出版会, 2001年8月, 401頁, 定価5,000円
- 友松憲彦著, 『近代イギリス労働者と食品流通 : マーケット・街路商人・店舗』, (晃洋書房, 一九九七年五月, 二三五頁, 二八五〇円)
- 森 泰博編著,『物流史の研究 : 近世・近代の物流の諸断面』, (御茶の水書房、一九九五年九月、二〇二頁、三六〇五円)
- ウィリアム・ウッドラフ著、原剛訳, 『社会史の証人 : 二〇世紀初期ランカシャの失われた世界』, ミネルヴァ書房、一九九四年一二月、VI+四〇〇+四頁、五〇〇〇円
- イギリスにおける近代都市形成の基点 : 前期スチアート朝期のマンチェスター