清末民国初期蘇州府の絹織業と機戸の動向
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概要
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The early labor movement in modern China was mostly confined to the traditional handicraft industries. Among them, the weavers' movement in the silk industry was most important. We will examine the condition of labor and laborers' outlook through the weavers' movement in the late Chingearly Min period. In that period, the silk industry in Chiang-nan district was in a difficult position, as a result of foreign competition and financial crisis. The silk production was declining throughout the period. At the same time, the inflation due to the over-issurance of copper coins and the rising cost of living depressed the weavers' life considerably. It was natural that their demand for higher wages grew stronger.. In the silk industry, the weaving was done by the putting out system, and the wage paid by the output basis. There were two kinds of weavers: Erh-shu who obtained work directly from merchants, and San-shu who obtained work form Erh-shu. Most of the waevers were San-shu, who had no direct contact with merchants. The weavers' movements in this period, around the Hsin-hai Revolution, was primarily for their own protection. They demanded higher wages and opposed production cut by the merchant who wanted to reduce the output during the depression. Since the weavers' movement had a long tradition, and its strength was well recognized, merchants and goverment officials, being afraid of the strikes and disturbances, usually yielded to the weavers' demand. In 1910, the weavers' union, Hsia-chang-kung-so, was organized against the association of merchants, Yun-chin-kung-so. This union represented weavers' demand through collective bargaining and played the central role in case of strikes. The birth of the weavers' organization signifies the development of labor movement in this period.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1969-01-10