アメリカ : 戦時経済と戦後企業体制の形成 (第2次大戦期の企業と労働)
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概要
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This paper investigates the effects of World War II on the postwar U. S. corporate system and labor relatiorls. World War II was the crucial bridge between the Great Depression of the 1930s and the postwar era of sustained growth. The structural transformations which occurred in response to the exigenciees of the war became the major pillars of the postwar economy. This paper examines the characteristics of the U.S. war-time industrial mobilization system and the central features of these changes. It is argued that the most salient feature was the creation of the war-time "military industrial complex". This complex became the driving force for the changes in the organization and operation of the U.S. economy during the war. These changes can be roughly grouped into four categories: First, the conversion of the key heavy and chemical industries into war production promoted the development and diffusion of mass-production techniques. Second, the government financed and promoted an expansion of production facilities and infrastructure that considerably increased the nation's production capacity and industrial basis. This was especially true in the case of big firms in key industries. Third, the war-time, production-control and price-control mechanisms, as well as war production itself, depended upon "Big Business." This strengthened their corporate power and increased economic concentration. Fourth, wartime labor relations incorporated the major elements of the underlying historical changes of the 1930s arld thereby prepared the postwar labor-management framework. World War II had two major effects on the formation of the postwar corporate system. First, the war accelerated the establishment of the postwar "matured oligopoly regime" in key industries. Second, it set forth what would become the "standard" pattern in organizing labor relations in the postwar era.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1994-05-25
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関連論文
- Kazuo Shibagaki, Malcolm Trevor, and Tetsuo Abo, eds., Japanese and European Management : Their International Adaptability
- アメリカ : 戦時経済と戦後企業体制の形成 (第2次大戦期の企業と労働)
- 韓国・台湾における日本型生産システム : 日系自動車・電機工場の「適用」と「適応」(3)