処女地開拓とフルシチョフ農政 : カザフスタン一九五七-一九六三年

概要

論文の詳細を見る
KHRUSHCHEV always needed a new success, because his position in the Party was unstable. KHRUSHCHEV tried to get it, like STALIN, by a campaign. What seemed to be promissing, was immediately carried out as a campaign. This was particularly so in his agricultural policy. The Virgin Lands Programme, which was also carried out by a campaign, was overfulfilled. But it left great faults in fields of Virgin-Land Sovkhozy. A series of campaigns(transformations of Kolkhozy to Sovkhozy, the abolition of MTS) brought frequent changes of fields in Virgin-Land Sovkhozy. Moreover, procurement plans were so high that they could not leave clean fallows. All these became obstacles to the introduction of a proper crop rotation. In the late 1950's-early 1960's, grain productions in Virgin Lands began to fall. At the same time, Meat Programme proved to be a failure. To solve these problems at once, KHRUSHCHEV began a campaign of changing cropping patterns. But this was an untestified method. Clean fallows in Virgin-Land Sovkhozy were reduced drastically. This campaign made drought of 1963, which was not so particularly severe, a substantial ecological disaster. Soviet Union had to import grains. We can see clearly the defect of KHRUSHCHEV's "campaign" agricultural policy in the Virgin Lands Programme.
社会経済史学会の論文
1990-12-25