産業革命期イングランドにおける労働力供給 : 工業都市近郊農村の農業発展と人口変動

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In this paper an attempt is made to examine the relationship between industrialization and population change in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the classical period of the Industrial Revolution, with special reference to the agricultural development in a suburban village and the lobour supply to the industrial centres. The place, Methley, is chosen for two main reasons : the parish of Methley an agricultural 'oasis', with coal-mining on a small scale was surrounded by heavily industrialized parishes, producing wool textiles, iron, glass, pottery, lime, and coal. It was also just four miles south-east of the rising industrial town of Leeds. Thus it was close enough to be affected by the economic change which took place in the area during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The expansion of economic activity in the West Riding of Yorkshire starting at some time in the 1780's, along with the growth of urban communities, which changed the agricultural organization in the suburban villages, and stimulated the coal-mining in the region, provided the parish with diverse employment opportunities. The increasing employment along with proletarianization of the population seems, in turn. to have lowered age at marriage in the parish, especially of those groups of women which were increasing proportionately fast during the period of relative economic buoyancy. It seems likely therefore that decline of age at marriage, combined with an accompanying tendency towards rising nuptiality, would have caused rises in fertility, birth-rates, and, eventually, population growth. Thus the industrialization and urbanisation of the West Riding of Yorkshire accelerated population growth in nearby rural areas, turnins them into a reservoir of labour where a portion of increased population was being transformed into a rural industrial or agricultural proletariat as the first step towards being assimilated into the industrial labour force in the urban areas. This interdependency between industrial, urban and rural areas with respect to the labour supply appears to have worked from the very beginning when the rural parishes showed rapid increase in population until that point in time when the urban areas no longer relied on the nearby villages to keep them alive. These incessant reciprocal stimulations were vividly observed in Methley, situated just on the outskirts of the fast-growing industrial town of Leeds ; and it can safely be said that the parish functioned as one of the most important sources of labour supply to the town of Leeds and other industrial areas areas of the West Riding of Yorkshire.
社会経済史学会の論文
1980-11-30

著者

安元稔
桃山学院大学

産業革命期イングランドにおける労働力供給 : 工業都市近郊農村の農業発展と人口変動

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