いわゆる問屋制度をどう捉えるか

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1) This paper reviews how I formulated my thought and attempted the positivisitic study of modern economic history based on the work of European scholars. My efforts took place under a decisively unfavorable academic environment between 1930, when I first set out with this task, and around 1950. 2) The classic theory of the development of modern capitalisn, no doubt influenced by the German Neo-Historical School, accounted for the rise of industrialism in Europe by the process of commercialization in which merchants played the principal role. This view gradually lost its dominance in the l920's under a heavy barrage of empirical criticism, and by the early l930's emerging alternative theories were beginning to be formulated by Postan and Kosminsky among others. Despite this, however, one of the pillars of the earlier theory i. e. the view that the "putting-out system" (or "Verlagssystem") of merchants was the precursor of the modern factory system, retained its strength. 3) At that time I held strong reservations concerning the validity of this still widely accepted aspect of the classic theory. From the viewpoint of comparative history, even though the "putting-out system" was widely diffused throughout Europe, the actual beginnings of modern industrialism were confined largely to England and the southern part of the Low Countries during the 16th and 17th centuries. At this time these areas were characterized by a thriving rural industry which was apparently undermining the dominance of the putters-out. 4) I accordingly attempted to formulate a working hypothesis and reorganized the available historical data along the following line : Rural industry spread to various parts of England from the latter half of the 14th century, and as all sorts of craftsmen and peasants started intra-local exchanges of goods, a prospering home market developed which gradually came to form a national economy. I saw this as precisely the historical configuration out of which modern industrialism (and industrial entrepreneurs) grew. It did not emerge hand in hand with the "putting-out system" but rather in contention with it.
社会経済史学会の論文
1980-07-25

いわゆる問屋制度をどう捉えるか

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