改革前ロシア製鉄業の構造(二)

概要

論文の詳細を見る
In the second part of this paper, the author tries firstly to inquire into the introduction of modern techniques of iron production into Russia and secondly to analyse the structures of iron industry both in the Urals and the central regions and to clarify some features of seigneurial enterprises based on latifundia in the former. Some of the new techniques which revolutionized the English iron industry were introduced into Russia by the emancipation of 1861. Puddling process was first established on the Kama-Votka state workshop where experiments began in 1834 under the direction of an English engineer, and adopted among leading private workshops in the Urals and the central regions in 1840s Cylinder blowers and steam engines were also introduced to some extent. On the eve of the emancipation,according to the author's calculations, puddling furnaces supplied 47 percent of the wrought iron and the total horsepower of steam engines reached 2,900. Those new techniques, however, did not raise productive force of iron industry in Russia so remarkably as in England. Puddling furnaces adopted in Russia were operated with wooden fuel. Steam engines in Russia were employed as all aid to waterwheel power. Consequently they did not cause the conversion of furnace fuel from wooden into mineral. The cross-section data of the iron industry in 1859, processed and analysed from various angled, reveal some notable features. Conspicuous differences can be found out between the Urals and the Central regions. Seigneurial enterprises in the Urals were distinguished by their amount of iron production and landed property. Their average landed property amounted to 250,000 dessiatines, whereas in the central regions 23,000 dessiatines. There were differences between the two regions also in respects of organization of enterprises and labor force. Seigneurial enterprises in the Urals based on huge landed property and servile labor were falling into bankruptcy toward the emancipation. Many of the enterprise owners were burdened with debts of large sum, mortgaging their serfs. Being in want of money for extravagance; they made forward sale agreements with merchants a year in advance and lost much on the price of iron. There can be no doubt that the basic cause of stagnation of the iron industry was the system of forced labor and the monopoly of domestic market. From the viewpoint of technique, however, the author concludes that the fuel conversion in Russia was stubbornly obstructed by the seigneurial landed property which was tightly combined with natural resources, i.e. wood and iron ore, consequently with the mediaeval technique of iron production. The modern techniques introduced into Russia did not exercise their proper productive force until the fuel conversion was realized.
社会経済史学会の論文
1977-06-30

著者

有馬達郎
農業総合研究所

改革前ロシア製鉄業の構造(二)

スポンサーリンク

概要

著者

関連論文

スポンサーリンク