清代の「議図」制とその背景

スポンサーリンク

概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• I-t'u was a tax collection system which was put into practice in a part of Chiang-nan (江南) ) in the age of Ch'ing. The purpose of this article is to investigate the institutional details of the i-t'u system, its organization and function, together with its relevance to the rule of hsiang-shen (郷紳) which was established on the basis of parasitic large landowning. The origin of the i-t'u system can be seen in the process of breaking up of li-chia (里甲) system in the age of Ming, for there emerged a contradiction between tzh-feng-t'ou-kuei (自封投櫃), a tax collection system in principle, and pao-lan (包攬), a tax (collection system in practice under the control by hsiang-shen. Therefore it was hsien-nien (現年) and other smaller landowning peasants who had been subject so pao-lan that had the greatest interests in i-t'u. Whereas t'u (図), a regional basis of the i-t'u system, was an administrative unit of three thousand mou (畝), it was a cornmunity or a union of villages consisted of several of the geographically close villages. The members of the i-t'u system were the smaller peasants, and they maintained the autonomous tax collection system in order to exclude pao-lan controlled by the privileged hsiang-shen. So it may be said that the i-t'u system was not only a passive organization to cooperate with the state in collecting taxes, but atso it was a defensive organization of the smallIer peasants for the purpose of protecting their interest and life as a group. What bound the menbers of the group together was t'u-kuei (図規), the regulations of i-t'u, and the strength of the bonds was manifested in a very strict sanction against those who were delinquent in paying their taxes. Moreover, while i-t'u was a legitimate tax paying system on the one hand, under certain (Donditions it could turn at any moment to the movement of paying no taxes on the other. It was, as it were, the two sides of the shield. The above analysis of the i.t'u system might contribute to the discussion on the rule of hsiang-shen in the Ch'ing age, in which one of the points is focussed at present on the evaluation of the position of the smaller landowning peasants.

• 社会経済史学会の論文
• 1976-09-30

著者

• 森田 明

  大阪市立大学文学部

• 森田 明

  大阪私立大学

関連論文

• 山西, 不灌漑水利組織(生活用水利用組織)の伝統と現代化
• 塘堰と灌漑:明清時期湖北南部郷村の水利組織と民間秩序--崇陽県《花陂堰簿》を中心として
• 軍需産業と辺地政策(下)台拓の東台湾移民事業の転換
• 軍需産業と辺地政策(上)台拓の東台湾移民事業の転換
• 山西の生活用水組織と碑刻資料
• 生活用水利用組織の運営と祭祀儀式--山西「四社五村」の場合
• 王世慶先生の逝去を悼む
• 「黄富三教授栄退曁第2届伝統商業国際学術研討会」参加記
• 鉄山博君の追悼 (鉄山博氏を偲んで)
• Book Review 日本統治下、東部台湾における「近代化」の展開--[林玉茹著]『殖民地的辺区』
• 華北水利史研究の進展に新資料
• 銭杭著『庫域型水利社会研究--蕭山湘湖水利集団的興与衰』(上海人民出版社、2009年)
• 陝西における堯山廟信仰と祭祇組織
• 「水利共同体」論に対する中国からの批判と提言
• 共同体はどこにあるのか?--明清以後の汾河流域通利渠の調査・研究に基づいて
• 清末浙西水利小考--〔ボウ〕河管理の一斑
• 民国6年の京畿水災と熊希齢
• 明末清初における福建晋江の施氏
• 清代の「議図」制とその背景
• 新刊紹介 林美容・丁世傑・林承毅『学海悠游--「劉枝萬先生」訪談録』
• 書評 黄富三著『台灣水田化運動先驅 施世榜家族史』
• 石田浩君との出会いと『台湾史研究会』 (石田浩教授追悼号)

もっと見る 閉じる

スポンサーリンク