改革前ロシア製鉄業の構造 (一)
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概要
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The first part of this paper tries to make clear the features of traditional technique which was prevalent in the Russian iron industry in the pre-emancipation period. To attain the above aim the author analyses the cross-section data of iron industry in 1807, 1822, 1837 and 1851 They are given in the form of itemized statistical tables, and call be processed and analyzed from various angles. The processed data indicate some notable features as follows. (1) The iron industry in the first half of the nineteenth century was tremendously stagnant. Its pig-iron output increased only 40 percent. (2) The principal center of iron production was the Urals throughout the period. They gave 80-90 percent of the total pig-iron output. Within the Urals Perm province was the central region of iron production. (3) The increase of iron production was relative not to the number of blast furnances but to their productivity. (4) When all the factories were divided into three groups according to the process, i.e. those with smelting process only, with refining process only and with both of them, a declining tendency was revealed in the third group. These facts suggest the technical difficulties which the iron industry was confronted with. Surprisingly primitive was the technique of both smelting and refining process. The water power which was the principal source of power was unstable and limited because it depended on rivers and precipitation. Pig-iron was smelted exclusively with the aid of charcoal in old-fashioned furnances. Technical backwardness, however, was less conspicuous in smelting process than in refining process, where dominating were the traditional forging hammers which had never undergone any improvement a hundred years theretofore From the viewpoint of technique the author concludes that water power was the most primary among factors which caused the stagnancy of productive force in iron industry. It was not until the employment of steam-engines that furnance fuel was converted from wooden into mineral and furnance scale was expanded remarkably.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1977-03-31
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