日本産花蜂の生態学的研究 1. : 花蜂の中舌の比較考察
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1. The lengths of the median glossa and the labial palpi of the Apoidea in Japan, belonging to 51 species of 24 genera, are measured. From these data the ratios of the length of median glossa to head-width (G/HW) and to head-length (G/HL) and the ratio of the length of labial palpus to median glossa (LP/G) are calculated. In certain species the lengths of paraglossa are also measured and its ratio to median glossa (PG/G) is calculated. The variation of the above-mentioned values according to their species, sexes and the life-form are discussed. The relation between the location of nectary in a flower and the kind of bee visiting it is discussed from a standpoint of field observations. 2. In Apidae and Megachilidae the median glossa is well developed in comparison with the labial palpus and paraglossa, while the bees of Mellitidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae and Halictidae except Nomia, have rather well developed labial palpus and paraglossa in comparison with median glossa. Only Nomia belongs to the former group. 3. According to the value of G/HW, the examined bees of our Apoidea may be classified into three groups as follws : A-group with long glossa (2.5-3.4) B-group with glossa of medium size (0.5-2.4) C-group with short glossa (0.1-0.4) 4. As for the relation between the sexes and the elongation of glossa the ratio G/HW is generally larger in the female than in the male and in the case of social form the worker indicates the shortest value. But these differences are very small, especially in the species both sexes of which appear almost simultaneously. For in such cases the both sexes visit usually the same kind of flower. 5. The bees of labour-parasitism belong to the B or C-group. There seems to be no correlation between the ratio G/HW of the host and that of the parasite. 6. A special proclivity of nectar stealing was observed in X ylocopa and Bombus ignitus, which belong to the B-group. To suck nectar from tubular flowers, these bees seem to be obliged to do so not only due to the short glossa but also to the large-sized head and body. 7. There is a close relation between the location of nectary in flower and the kind of visitor. The flowers with an exposed nectary are visited mostly by many wasps and in some cases by a small number of the Halictidae and Andrenidae, which belong to the C-group with short glossa. As for the flowers with half concealed nectary some wasps were also regular visitors, but the overwhelming majority of visitors were the Andrenidae and Halictidae of the C-group. Besides, certain genera of the B-group and a small number of the A-group were also found visiting. On the other hand, in the case of the flowers with perfectly concealed nectary all the wasps were absolutely excluded and, in general, the A-group with long glossa were the most dominant visitors. The visit by the C-group was observed only in few cases of the small-sized flowers. The bees of the B-group were also comparatively important visitors to some flowers with deep nectary, together with the A-group.
- 神戸大学の論文
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