国家の教育責任の新たなる在り方 : イギリス「品質保証国家」の教育政策(<特集>国家の教育責任と地方分権 : 「学校」の変貌を問う)
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
In England, educational administration was based on the Partnership among central, local authorities and schools. However, Quality Assurance State (QAS) had been merged under Thatcher's Conservative Govemment in 1980's and 1990's. QAS means a State that delivers welfare and education services by not itself but agencies in both private and public sectors and that plays roles as a target setter and a monitor to maintain quality and standard in services. Furthermore, introducing a market principle and corrmetition via parental choice into schools, it gave school more autonomy in the name of 'Local Management of School - LMS' in order to survive under severe conditions such as a declining school population. In general, Thatcher tried to sweep away the intermediate bodies such as LEA and trade unions, for she did not believe in the existence of society between a State and individuals. Furthermore, Mr. Baker, who was the Secretary of State for Education at that time, tried to minimize the power of teaching professions and LEAs. Both Thatcher and Baker believed that improving educational standards would be achieved only by competition and the disclosure of information. As a result, LEA would almost disappear. In 1997, when New Labour came to power under Blair's leadership, it did not change the strategies developed under the Conservative governments. In other words, New Labour Government succeeds the QAS framework. However, there are some distinguished and important differences, which New Labour Government picked up from some LEAs' activities in 1990's and which lead to 'the Third Way'. New Labour Government revitalized LEA and gave it new roles as a monitor and an adviser inthe area. If LEA fails to do the job, its services will have to be contracted out. The Government also invited private schools to be a partner to improve general educational standards. Furthermore, New Labour asks private company or citizen to help sinking' schools and 'sinking' LEAs by using their know-how to manage service in more efficient ways. City Academies, for example, are set up under certain conditions; only in poor areas: not to make profit; not to select pupils; not to charge any fee and so forth. According to Giddens, under the Third Way, we have to build a society with active citizens with the inclusion as social justice. New Labour Government policies seem to realize this idea. It is clear that the Labour's QAS is different from that of the Conservative. Under the Labour's QAS, evaluation and the disclosure of information give opportunities to develop appropriate remedies for sinking schools and sinking LEAs.
- 日本教育学会の論文
- 2004-03-30
著者
関連論文
- 学校のガバナンスとマネジメントに関する総合的研究 : 学校運営協議会の法制化に見る学校ガバナンスの思想と制度(課題研究(2))
- I 地教行法一部改正と学校運営協議会論議(学校のガバナンスとマネジメントに関する総合的研究-学校運営協議会の法制化に見る学校ガバナンスの思想と制度-, 日本教育学会第63回大会報告)
- 地教行法一部改正と学校運営協議会論議(学校のガバナンスとマネジメントに関する総合的研究 : 学校運営協議会の法制化に見る学校ガバナンスの思想と制度,課題研究(2),課題(2)-1)
- 国家の教育責任の新たなる在り方 : イギリス「品質保証国家」の教育政策(国家の教育責任と地方分権 : 「学校」の変貌を問う)
- 志水宏吉[著], 『学校文化の比較社会学-日本とイギリスの中等教育-』, A5 判, 356 頁, 本体 5, 800 円, 東京大学出版会, 2002 年 9 月刊
- 評価の政策史 : イギリスの経験(教育改革と評価のダイナミズム)
- 公開シンポジウム・総括(総括,III 公開シンポジウム)
- 清原正義著, 『教育行政改革と学校事務』, 学事出版, 2000年, 319頁(VIII BOOK REVIEW)
- 『イギリス教育行政制度成立史』, 東京大学出版会, 1992年(学会奨励賞を受賞して-受賞者による著書紹介,V 学会奨励賞)