所得格差,社会地位と社会移動 : 中国都市所得格差問題への一視角

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　The spreading income difference has been considered one of the most serious social problems in China since the economic reforms started in 1979. It has been criticized for its negative effects such as intencifying social inequality and social conflicts. But its function in reducing social status consistency and promoting occupational mobility has not been paid enough attention.　In a long period before the present reforms, there was almost no spontaneous labor mobility to occupation in service industries and manual jobs like miners and construction workers, because of their low social status. Labors in these occupations were lowly ranked in almost all aspects of social status like income, education, occupational prestige and political power. To maintain a stable labor supply in these industries, the labor allocation was enforced by the government, and the mobility to other occupations was severely restricted. At the same time, to improve the social status of these occupations, the government tried and failed to raise their occupational prestige.　Market economy demands a more efficient allocation of labor and a new occupational structure. The basic condition for this is the active occuptional mobility. But this can not be realized under the old social stratifition system, because nobody is willing to move to an occupation with consistently low social status. At least in the present period, the only way to solve the problem is to addmit a relatively high income in these occuptions. The higt income will bring about a status inconsistency which can avoid uniformed inequality through a multiple distribution of resources. The rapid growth of some new occuptions which badly needed in the newly founded market economy is also owing to the higt income in these occupatiions.
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賈強
文教大学国際学部

所得格差,社会地位と社会移動 : 中国都市所得格差問題への一視角

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