社会関係のIdiomとしてのKinship : ニューギニア高地社会の事例

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The people of the New Guinea Highlands are subsistence horticulturalists and pig-keepers. Societies are small, kin based and locally autonomous and lack any kind of centralized political organization. Many of the neolithic cultures survived long into the twentieth century, there. In addition, Highland societies have potential value for comparative empirical studies of social and cultural processes. They provide a unique laboratory for us. The social anthropologists working in the Highlands find a system of segmentary patrilineal groups which has many features in common with the African segmentary system. But, as BARNES (1962) points out, it soon becomes apparent that societies appear to fit uneasily into African models. Many Highlands societies have an ideology of patrilineal descent and patri-virilocality. ldeally male agnates should reside together. But it is commonly found that clans include many non-agnatic kinsmen. It is often hard to detect any difference in status between them and agnates. There is in the Highlands a considerable apparent divergence between descent dogmas relating to group unity and group compositions or processes of recruitment to these groups. Only the recognition of discrepancy between ideology and practice is not enough. SAHLINS (1965) says, "In major territorial descent groups, there is no particular relation between the descent ideology and group composition. . . . A descent doctrine does not express group composition but imposes itself upon the composition." But it is important, I think, to show how ideology and composition are interrelated. To perceive the distinctive characteristics of the societies of the Highlands, two groups will be described at first : Mae-Enga and Chimbu.
日本文化人類学会の論文
1974-06-30

著者

中山和芳
国立民族学博物館

社会関係のIdiomとしてのKinship : ニューギニア高地社会の事例

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