ネワール村落におけるカースト内組織 : phukiとsana guthi

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Analyses of phuki and sand guthi among the Newars have already been done by a few authors. Here, in dealing with the intra-caste organization of a Newari village (in Kathmandu valley in Nepal), an attempt is made to consider and analyze them from different aspects. The concept of phuki is re-interpreted and the change in their size and internal organization is examined. phuki The word "phuki" has a wide range of meaning. which is largely attributed to the fact that "phuki" is not only a relationship term but is inseparably connected with a ritual unit. 1. "phuki" may sometimes be used only for referring to real brothers. This usage is rather rare and could be found only among the young people who have not completed their socialization. It is interpreted as an incipient stage of the recognition of the concept "phuki". 2. On the other hand, the usage of "phuki" could extend to all men (male) who are considered to be related to each other agnatically. Secondarily and indirectly, their family members are included among the phukis (phukita) . This is the range of people to whom the expression "bhu ba" phuki" (splitted phuki) is applied. For the analytical purpose, I use the expression "extended-phuki" for this social level. 3. The meaning of phuki in the common usage falls between I and 2 above. 3-a. The most usual range of phuki coincides with the unit of people who perform dea pujd (the worship of digu deo) together. (1 call this "deo puja unit" because the expression "deo pujd guthi" is not used in this village.) Generally there are several deo puja units within an extelrded-phuki. A deo pujd unit usually consists of a few households formally represented by their heads who are closely related to each other agnatically. But owing to personal likes and dislikes, a deo pujd unit may not always consist of the nearest kin. Sometimes, even real brothers are found to belong to different deo puja units and are called "bhu bd phuki". 3-b. Death pollution affects near kin. And they have an obligation to observe a certain length of period for mourning which varies according to the distance from the person from whom the pollution originates. Among them, those who observe it for twelve days are sometimes said to be phuki. In this usage the range of phuki may differ from that of deo puja unit because in this case the principle of genealogical distance is more strictly applied. When we look at the size of deo puja units we find that most of them consist of not more than five households and that the agnatic distance between the heads of those rarely goes beyond that of FBS. By this fact we can say that deo puja units in this village are much smaller than those in other places reported by other authors. As the people who call each other phuki are said to have an obligation to co-operate in the daily life, and as the unity of the phuki is most clearly represented in that of deo puja unit, we can suppose that there is a rather low necessity for the wider co-operation of kin at present. sand guthi Sand guthi is an intra-caste funeral organization, through the membership of which people's caste identity is re-assured. Here, caste-wise variety in the size and internal organization of the various sand guthis can be found. Some are large and limited within the boundary of the village while some are small and spread beyond it. This is mainly attributed to intra-caste demographic condition. In some cases, apparent internal differentiation could be found. The most typical is that of Jyapu caste.
日本文化人類学会の論文
1976-03-31

ネワール村落におけるカースト内組織 : phukiとsana guthi

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