公的年金財政とその破綻
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概要
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This paper reviews and discusses the evolution of the employee's public pension insurance (Kosei Nenkin) and its financial system, explaining the reason why its financial scheme failed. The Kosei Nenkin adopted as its principle of financial operation the capitalization method with level premium. However, after the World War II, the value of accumulated fund was reduced considerably because of inflation. So, in 1954,the Kosei Nenkin was reconstructed and it decided to adopt the so-called modified capitalization method as its financing system until the inflation came to end, that is, it did not adopt the level premium but lower premium than it, so as not to accumulate the fund rapidly, and still more to lessen the burden of the initial generation who has little chance to benefit full pension. But it was on condition that it should recover the financial balance within comparatively early time imposing higher premium than level premium. Despite such understanding, the Kosei Nenkin did never resume the financial balance of capitalization scheme due to the reasons as follows : (1) the parties concerned were unwilling to raise the premium. (2) the employers did not want to increase so much the fund under the apprehension that the accumulation of fund will become an obstacle to private savings and financial market. (3) the parties concerned insisted that they could improve and raise the pension by drawing on the reserved fund. This means that they consented, either positively or passively, to switch over to the pay-as-you-go system or that they scarcely concerned the burden imposed on the future generations. Thus, the public pension insurance rolled down the slope of financial unbalance to "the collapse of pension scheme" or to an enormous deficit. I argue that the financial scheme of the public pension system of Japan was an irresponsible and too expensive experiment in an economically and politically immature society, and that, however, even though it should be operated completely by the capitalization method, it could not have found financially operational market.
- 千葉大学の論文
- 2001-12-05
千葉大学 | 論文
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