THE RELATION BETWEEN CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF SNOW AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS IN ANTARCTICA

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概要

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• The nature and mechanism of chemical elements distribution among 3 phases, atmospheric air, aerosol particle and snow, were studied on the Mizuho Plateau and the inland area toward Dome Station, in the summer, December, 1992 to January, 1993. Aerosols and acid gases were sampled by the use of an air filtering system consisting of a 1-stage of 0.2μm Nuclepore Filter with 3 successive stages of alkali-impregnated filter paper at 5 locations where the fresh drifting snow was also sampled. The chemical species studied were Cl^-, NO_2^-, NO_3^-, SO_3^<2->, SO_4^<2->, MSA, Na^+, K^+, and NH_4^+ using an ion chromatograph. At the point nearest the ocean, S16,atmospheric concentrations of gaseous acids (HCl, HNO_2,HNO_3 and SO_2) are quite high and far exceed those of aerosols, especially for Cl^-, NO_3^- and SO_3^<2-> (determined as SO_4^<2->). However, at inland stations, gaseous concentrations fall to lower levels than those of aerosols, which also decrease inland. This behavior suggests that the source of these gaseous species is at the sea shore or at the sea surface and they are transformed to aerosol particles by condensation and/or scavenging in a short time. In many cases, the concentrations of most chemical species in aerosols show a linear relationship to those in fresh snow. This suggests possible scavenging of aerosol particles with the same efficiency irrespective of particle size, and leads to a plausible conclusion that all concentrations as well as the composition observed in ancient ice reflect those of aerosols in the ancient atmosphere. However, in some cases, the above relationship tends to disappear, even at the same position, after few days. The factor which controls the mechanism of aerosol scavenging by snow particles is not clear; more observations are needed. The fresh drifting snow sampling was also carried out on a foot traverse from the base camp, close to the coast of the Weddell Sea, to South Pole Station. The distribution of chemical elements in fresh drifting snow showed a shift to the inland-type distribution at altitudes higher than 2500 m as had been observed on the Mizuho Plateau.

• 国立極地研究所の論文

著者

• Watanabe Okitsugu

  National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems

• Watanabe Okitsugu

  National Institute Of Polar Research

• Kawaguchi Sadao

  Nagaoka National College Of Technology

• Shimohara Kimiko

  Kitami Institute of Technology

• Motoyama Hideaki

  National Institute Of Polar Research

• Kanamori Satoru

  Water Research Institute, Nagoya University

• Kanamori Nobuko

  Water Research Institute, Nagoya University

• Kanamori Satoru

  Institute For Hydrospheric And Atmospheric Sciences Nagoya University

• Kanamori Nobuko

  Atmospheric And Hydrospheric Research Institute Nagoya University

• Kanamori Satoru

  Water Research Institute Nagoya University

• Kanamori Nobuko

  National Institute Of Polar Research

• Kanamori Satoru

  National Institute of Polar Research

• YOSHIKAWA Kenji

  Environmental Institute, Hokkaido University

• Satow Kazuhide

  Nagoya Technical College

• Shinbori K

  Hokkaido Univ. Sapporo

• Kanamori Nobuko

  Water Research Institute Nagoya Univerisity

• Yoshikawa Kenji

  Environmental Institute Hokkaido University

• Motoyama Hideaki

  National Inst. Of Polar Res. 10-3 Midori-cho Tachikawa-shi Tokyo 190-8518 Jpn

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