通時言語学と生成理論
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概要
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In 19th century, the scientific study of language was considered to be necessarily historical. After the Saussure's lectures (1916), general linguistics and historical linguistics came to diverge. It was proposed that they were two wholly separate fields, and that historical linguistics should be consigned to sociology or perhaps general history. Today, developments in linguistic theory have powefully influenced historical linguistics. But this influence has not developed historical linguistics in the directions that seem fruitful to us. There were some serious confusions between synchrony and diachrony. The difficulties turn out to be artifacts due to the simplifying idealization of the ideal speaker-hearer and instantaneous language acquisition, which are appropriate in the study of formal grammar but should not be incorporated into historical linguistics. This paper is structured as follows. In the first section, we discuss that the generative view of linguistic change is not always well supported by the liguistic facts, and that the difficulties are due to the assumptions of the ideal speaker-hearer and of the instantaneous language acquisition. In the second section, we consider the assumption of instantaneous language acquisition and the alternative one that has property of allowing for the real time course of language acquisition to determine aspects of the system that eventually emerges. In the last section, we consider the three approaches that have a modest amount of reasonably solid evidence and that suggest solutions to some problems in historical linguistics.
- 茨城キリスト教大学の論文
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