善悪の概念 : カント倫理学の構造(6)

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"Kant takes up the problems of the concepts of good and evil as objects of practical reason. He argues that an idea of some object that determines the will is regarded as good or evil, and when it has any concrete substance, it is empirically known, and is judged by the feeling of pleasure and displeasure. Only when an idea of some object is that of a formal law, it undergoes a priori judgment. He dismisses as fundamentally wrong the traditional ethical theories which regard the concepts of good and evil as the ground that determines the will, because only after the establishment of the moral law, the concept of good and evil can be determined, the former being heteronomy of the will which cannot be the true theory of ethics. After establishing that the moral laws are the a priori determining ground of the will, Kant presents a table of the categories of practical reason with reference to the cocepts of good and evil. This table corresponds to the table of the categories of the pure concepts of understanding. It is based on the a priori moral laws, but he begins with the inquiry into the empirically conditioned concepts of good, proceeding by generalization to the empirically unconditioned laws. In this argumentation of Kant's we see a problem of how to understand the relation between the empirical and the a priori in the concepts of good and evil. The moral laws must be established a priori and be recognized as such. However they are always realized by the empirical conditions of human life, and so they constitute the concepts of good and evil."
2000-03-01

著者

中野重伸
宇都宮大学教養部

善悪の概念 : カント倫理学の構造(6)

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