社会主義経営の展開(2) : その過去・現在・未来

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This is the last part of my paper concerning the "Rise and Fall of Industrial Management in the Socialist Economy". In early years in Russia industrial productivity was far behind compared with that of capitalist countries. Soviet new leader, Lenin tried to introduce a new method of production system called "Scientific Management Syste" which originated in the U. S. to increase the amount of industrial goods. But it did not necessarily produce great results as expected. As times going on,new leader, Stalin who succeded Lenin introduced new economic system called "Five Year Economic Plan". In this new system the amount of production in everv factory and distribution of work force was controlled and directed by the central government. This contributed too much to increse the amount of production drastically in short period. At the same time production technology and capability in producing industrial goods and raw materials such as machines or steel in the Soviet Union improved dramatically and surpassed the amount of production in western capitalistic countries in 1930s and 1940s. Soviet became the leading and hegemonic nation in socialist countries in terms of economic, political and millitalistic power after the World War II. But socialist economic system based on the prohibition of private ownership and capitalistic economic system did not bring about higf quality of of life and dynamism of the economy. Many people showed anger and distrust against government leaders and lost their hope toward every-day life and the future. To cope with this problem people demonstrated to transform the old-style economic system. And finally out-of-date economic and political structure in the Soviet Union falled down in December, 1991 with the emergence of new leader, M. Gorvarchov. New economic structure which based on the idea of capitalism has been introduced. In that process many, big and bureaucratic firms that was hold and controlled by the central government has been privatized. Competition among private firms began to play an important role in the economy. New emerging managers were becoming interested in getting as much money as possible in the new economic system. To attain this purpose they increased the price of goods and refused to supply them for their market. This produced inflation, shortage of goods and mass unemployment, resulting from cutting cost=wages and the reducing the number of labor force by the managers. New economic system in Russia has not brought about the high quality of life and good society for many citizens. 0ne of the most serious problems facing Russian companies today is how to make a high quality of goods which are accepted in the multi-dimentional, global market. Quality of goods was not a top priority in business management in Soviet era. But the environment surrounding the business has greatly changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Creating the international competitive power is the urgent business task not only for the well-being of the peope in Russia but also for the prosperity and development of new Russian companies. To achieve that porpose international joint-venture and introduction of technical know-how of western companies are urgentry needed. Various kinds of efforts have been making for the past nine years to vitalize the economy and to ajus to the dynamically changing post Cold-War World. But widened the gap between the rich and the poor. What is the most important "Guiding Chart for the Russia today and tomorrow"? That is the sprit of democracy and capitalism which places a high value on a human creativity, individual ability, and freedom of speech in dynamically changing society will make Russia a more energetic, dynamic and human-faced country in the coming of New Century.
広島文化学園大学の論文
1998-11-01

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浜野譲治
呉大学短期大学部

社会主義経営の展開(2) : その過去・現在・未来

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