<論説>国際機構に関する条約法 : その法典化の困難
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概要
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The adoption of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, on May 22,1969,by the Plenary Meeting of the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, marked an important milestone in the long history of the codification of international law. Indeed, law of treaties has been an indispensable foundation upon which the international treaties are concluded. The Vienna Convention strengthened this very basis of international legal relationships by codifying the customary rules and by consolidating the newly-developed practices and concepts on the law of treaties. But by limiting the scope of the Convention to the treaties concluded by States only, the United Nations Conference failed to incorporate the rules applicable to the treaties concluded between State and international organization and international organizations themselves. After taking a brief look at the development of the treaties or agreements concluded by international organizations, the writer proceeds to clarify various efforts thus far made to codify rules relating to treaties of this category. In Chapter 3,he examines the problem chronologically in three stages- (1) the League of Nations period and before, (2) the pre-Conference period (1949-1967), (3) the handling of the problem by the Conference (1968,1969). Then the writer explains how the problem was referred back to the International Law Commission and in what manner this question has been treated by the Special Rapporteur (Mr. Paul Reuter). At the 25th session, in 1973,the Commission decided to prepare a draft articles. This move is understandable in view of the strong expectation within and outside the Commission that awaits the systematic completion of the codification in the field of law of treaties. But the way to a successful codification, it seems to this writer, is very long. There seems to be a number of tumbling stones in the way. Particularly important is the fact that the international organizations vary widely in their purposes, structures and powers, thus making the treaties they conclude very difficult to be regulated by a uniform rule. Even the scope of the treaty-making power of each international organization is different; it depends upon the constituent instrument or the intention of the member States. There are still many theoretical and practical difficulties to be solved before the final draft articles are adopted. For this reason, the writer cannot be too optimistic about the future of the codification work now under way on this topic.
- 関西学院大学の論文
- 1975-03-25
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