多義語の語彙ネットワークに関する研究(1) : 形容詞「甘い」について
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概要
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Metaphorical expressions enable us to use words in creative ways. As many of those expressions are used in everyday conversation, we no longer regard them as metaphors. The core meaning of words is extended through metaphor, creating polysemy. The meaning of adjectives varies, depending on the nouns with which they occur. For example, Japanese 'amai' is a polysemic adjective that has synaesthetic meanings such as 'amai kaori' (sweet smell), and other metaphorical extensions of the meaning such as 'amai kotoba' (sugary word) and 'amai kangae' (optimistic idea). How do we deal with those different kinds of nouns that cooccur with 'amai' in our mental lexicon? The purpose of this study is to obtain some clues to answering this question through experiments of word associations. This study investigated the results of word association experiments administered to 58 subjects. 31 subjects were given a sheet of paper on which 50 Iines of blanked sentences '_ wa amal' <predicative position> were printed, and another 27 subjects were given a sheet of paper on which 50 lines of blanked sentences 'amai _' <attributive position> were printed. They were instructed to fill in those blanks with whichever words came into their mind and as many as possible within 3 minutes. The results were categorized based on the senses (schema of each sense). It suggests that their word associations are primarily inspired by the basic sense of 'amai' which expresses the sense of taste. The frequency of the negative sense which implies 'a lack of severity' is the second highest. The synaesthetic expressions showed the low frequency. The possible reasons for the results are discussed in this paper by using the notion of category and prototype.
- 2001-03-31
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