<研究論文>法廷通訳人が直面する問題点 : 文化的差異をどう捉えるか
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概要
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As Japan hosts an increasing number of foreign workers and visitors, more non-Japanese are appearing as defendants in the country's courts. Most of these defendants are not fluent in Japanese and require court interpreters. Based on in-depth interviews with court interpreters, this paper considers the practicality of the law's attitude toward accuracy of translation and the interpreter's role. Courts define "accurate" translation as word-for-word code switching, which strives for formal correspondence. This position on translation is based on the assumption that what is said in one language can be said and understood in another with no loss of substance, form or effect. In such a view, the interpreter's act is regarded as a mechanistic process in which the interpreter functions transparently as a mere conduit for words. It appears that the courts do not understand the communicative complexities involved in translation process and tend to undervalue the interpreter's role. In reality, however, the interpreters play a more active, significant role than the court system recognizes. This interview survey illustrates how the interpreters handle the intercultural translation problems faced at court. Important points raised in this paper include the following : the interpreters need to use their discretion and judgment to convey the speaker's intent and not merely the speaker's words. While trying to retain maximal correspondence of form and content, they also seek "dynamic equivalence, " based on the idea that the translated message should have the same effect on the target-language listeners as the message had for the source language listener. They pay close attention to the cultural and social context not only of verbal messages but also communication styles and non-verbal cues of the speakers. This study suggests that courts need to have a more realistic understanding of the interpreter's role and recognize their professional status as key players in court proceedings.
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