ムスリム漁村における女性の仕事の変容 : フィリピン南コタバト地方沿岸
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概要
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This paper focuses on the changing role of women in Sutagaki (a fictitious name), one of the Muslim fishing communities in South Cotabato, the Philippines. Fishing communities in South Cotabato are region affected by the growing commercial fishing industry based in General Santos city. Today, the South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani, General Santos city Area Development Program (SOSKSARGEN Area Development Program) is being implemented in the region under the Philippine Assistance Program (PAP). Together with Brunei Darusalam-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIPM-EAGA), which aims to mobilize the potential of economic cooperation to accelerate the development of the four countries, the region will further be incorporated into the national and international economic system. I stayed at Sutagaki from October 28 to November 23,1994,and conducted intervdews with 19 selected women to understand the social change that had taken place in their society. Interviews were held in both Maguindanao and Sangil, with the help of Hasna Katil of the Moro Women Center. There has been research on the relationship between the economic development of Mindanao and the Muslim separatist movement. However, it has not articulated the position of Muslim women, and has failed to reflect their thoughts and ways of life. My purpose, therefore, is to understand the course of Muslim society within the Philippine and international political economy by investigating the changing role of Muslim wemen. What will be their political and economic options under the penetration of the international economic system? Since the marginalisation of the Muslim community in capitalistic economy was one of the causes of the separatist movement in the 1970's and 1980's, I believe that the plausibility of the establishment of the Muslim autonomous government is also related to the position of Muslim women in the development programs of Mindanao. This paper will briefly describes the fishing indutry in South Cotabato region, followed by the characteristics of the Sutagaki fishing village. Compared with the Chrisian fishing villages which are incorporated into the marginal position of the commercial fishing industry, Muslims are being pushed out and forced to seek alternate sources of income. I will explain the difference between the Christian fishing villages and the Muslim ones in relation to the penetration of capital. With regard to the role of women in a fishing village, it is said that most women are engaged in fishing activities on the shore such as the fixing of nets or the marketing of fish. However, few Muslim women in South Cotabato region are engaged in these kind of activities. I will clarify the reason for this in my paper and I will also explain how Muslim women are turning to growth of cash crops, small scale businesses, and working abroad as means to cope up with the decreased income from fishing.
- 1997-12-26