Preference and Capacity in Categorization Bases of Children and Adults

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概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• To assess bases of categorization, two tasks were provided. In the free choice task, the subjects were presented four drawings and required to select two drawings which they thought were of the same group. In the forced choice tasks, the subjects were presented one sample and three alternative drawings and required to select one drawing which they thought was of the same group of the sample. Based on the selection patterns, the thematic, the perceptual, and the taxonomic bases were identified. In the second selection of the tasks, the subjects were required to select other drawings which they thought were of another same group. It was assumed that the first selection reflects preference to the bases of categorization and the second one reflects capacity to categorize objects in several ways. In the first selection. the perceptual alternative was selected more often by children (5-yr.-olds) than by adults, whereas the taxonomic one was selected more often by adults than by children, which were consistent with previous studies. The developmental changes are assumed to reflect subjects' preferences to the bases of categorization. The finding that the thematic alternative was selected more often in the free choice than in the forced choice tasks suggest that the subjects tended to interpret the instruction, "the same group", as spatial and functional relations of objects for the free choice task. When children selected the thematic or the perceptual alternative in the first slection of the forced choice task, they selected the taxonomic more often than the perceptual or the thematic alternative in the second selection. The findings suggest that although children have preference to the thematic or the perceptual basis, they also have capacity to categorize objects taxonomically. When adults selected the thematic alternative in the first selection of the two tasks, they selected the taxonomic more often than the perceptual alternatives in the second selection. These suggest that adults have capacity to categorize objects by the taxonomic more dominantly than by the perceptual bases.

• 奈良教育大学の論文
• 1997-11-10

著者

• Okino Yoko

  Hakudo Company

• Sugimura Takeshi

  Department of Psychology, Nara University of Education

• Sugimura Takeshi

  Department Of Psychology Nara University Of Education

関連論文

• Preference and Capacity in Categorization Bases of Children and Adults
• The Effect of Instructions on Categorization Bases in Children and Adults
• Developmental Changes in Understanding of Asymmetric Relations

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