ManfredのIncantationについて
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概要
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Toward the end of Act I, sc. i, of Manfred, Byron inserted an incantation of terribly violent seven stanzas. He worte it separately from Manfred and published it with other poems before Manfred. He seems to have thought much of the incantation, for he explained it to be an extract of the drama. This paper discusses why he inserted it into Manfred. It is said that there are two motives of Byron's writing Manfred ', one is, according to his own words, that it was written "for the sake of introducing the Alpine scenery in description," and the other is, critics say, the remorse for the incest with his halfsister, Augusta. But I want to add one more motive--the remorse for his wife Annabella from whom he was divorced about a year after marriage. When, reading the drama, one meets such a terribly violent incantation at the first scene, one may be puzzled how to understand it. Some critics say that it is ambiguous and "inappropriate in the context of the drama," and that it is uttered against Annabella. As it was written separately from the drama and inserted afterwards, it is natural that it should be ambiguous and incongruous with the drama. But why did Byron insert such an incantation ? I think that when it was written first, it might be done with hatred against Annabella in his heart, but later because of the remorse for his divorcee, he inserted it into the first scene of Manfred, and made it act the role of a prophet in the drama, and with the voice of Annabella let her utter it against the protagonist of the drama. That is why I want to add one more motive to the two. Thus, being inserted into Manfred, it reversed the one who utters it and its object. When we understand the incantation in this way, its ambiguity and incongruity will disappear naturally and completely. Happy to say, Goethe's opinion helps me to study this subject.
- 東海大学の論文